The Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) is the fourth largest deer species behind moose, elk (wapiti), and sambar deer. It is a ruminant, eating its food in two stages and having an even number of toes on each hoof, like camels, goats and cattle. There are subtle differences in appearance between the various subspecies of Red Deer primarily in size and antlers. West European Red Deer historically, grew to a large size and the descendants of introduced populations thrive in New Zealand and Argentina, being generally very large in size and antlers. During the autumn, all Red Deer subspecies grow a thicker coat of hair which helps to insulate them during the winter. Autumn is also when some of the stags grow their neck manes. Red deer have different colouration based on the seasons and types of habitats, with grey or lighter colouration prevalent in the winter and a more reddish and darker coat in the summer. While relatively common in New Zealand, Red Deer are a challenge to hunt, perhaps due to few hunting restrictions and consequently the deer are under constant pressure. The spring flush and the autumn breeding season, commonly termed the "roar", are times of the year when hunting is easier.